Resume for Nike Sports Korea - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 266 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Industry Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Nike Essay Did you like this example? YOUNG CHAN KIM May 9, 2010 Mr. /Mrs. Personnel Manager Nike Sports Korea [emailprotected] co. kr Dear Mr. /Mrs. Personnel Manager I would like to apply for Sales of the 2010 Nike Summer Internship Program. I saw the public notice that you are looking for people who can contribute, grow, think, dream and create. I am a qualified person whose Nike wants and I enjoy challenges with my passion. I love sport for watching, playing and talking. When I was young, I played soccer every day, also I was running player. So I have always used the productions of Nike and I have known this is great. That is why I am always interested in Nike and I got a chance to be a member of Nike. Whenever I see the advertisements of Nike, I feel I am alive. The advertisements of Nike show me passions in spiritual and I have got a driving force in my life from the spirit of Nike I am a friendly person, so I am really suitable for cooperation. In addition, I can understand well what I have to do in the situation with some problems because I would like to analyze phenomenon in my daily. So I always try to make the best results, but I focus on the men-centered processing. I am confident that you will be pleased with my skills and experiences for being a member of Nike. I would appreciate being given the opportunity to work and learn at the Nike and would be very grateful if you would consider my application. Yours faithfully, Young YOUNG CHAN KIM Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Resume for Nike Sports Korea" essay for you Create order

The Patient Population Of Middle Adulthood And Middle...

Many individuals around the world are experiencing chronic illnesses, which are â€Å"health problems that persist over extended periods and [†¦] are often associated with participation and activity limitations† (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, Camera, 2014, p. 69). The purpose of this paper is to utilize two research studies to compare and contrast eight key findings that influence treatment adherence in patients with chronic illnesses. These studies will compare themes between older pre-dialysis patients and middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes. The relevance of this concept to the patient population of middle adulthood will also be discussed. With four of the themes, we will further explore nursing interventions that can be applied across the hospital setting to increase treatment adherence. Comparison of Studies This paper will utilize two research studies. The first one discusses treatment adherence in older pre-dialysis populations by Walker, James, and Burns (2012). The second study analyzes adherence to dietary guidelines in middle adult patients with type 2 diabetes by Ebrahim, De Villiers, and Ahmed (2014). Among the eight themes identified, self in relation to others was a common finding. This theme is demonstrated in two ways, burden and inconvenience, and thus will provide two themes for the purpose of this paper. Walker et al. (2012) found that their participant’s perception of creating a burden on their social supports led to concealment, hiding medicationsShow MoreRelatedPatients With A High Body Mass Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe control group met the standards recommended by ACSM and ADA for health enhancement, and the frequency of activities in these men was significantly longer than in the diabetic patients. In women, there was no such relationship, since most of them were insufficiently physically active. 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Being aware of the signs and symptoms and the resources that are available can help theRead MoreSocial, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)1889 Words   |  8 Pagesof Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Dr. Moretz HSA 535 Managerial Epidemiology December 14, 2013 Analyze the development of T2D in the U.S., and compare its development to developing countries in general. T2D is a progressive endocrine disorder characterized by abnormal secretion or action of insulin, which leads to elevated blood glucose. Over time elevated blood glucose results in damage to multiple organ systems. Data from the 2011 National Diabetes fact sheet statesRead MoreThe Effect Of Mobile Applications On The Adolescent Population With Type 1 Diabetes1772 Words   |  8 Pagestechnologies have expanded to include applications for patients and healthcare providers. A subset of mobile technologies, Mobile health (mHealth), is defined as mobile computing, medical sensor, and communication technologies that can enhance chronic disease care beyond the traditional outpatient physician-patient encounter (Eng Lee, 2013). This technology is used increasingly in the management of such chronic diseases like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This complex disease is challenging to manageRead MoreHealth Improvement Strategies For Obesity And The Effect Being Obese Has On Young People2155 Words   |  9 Pagesare a great way to implement health improvement strategies for young adults as most will own a smartphone themselves. Obesity is a growing problem not only in adults in the UK but also young adults. Public Health England (2013) states that in 2007 the overall cost of obesity to the UK economy was approximately  £15.8 billion per year with  £4.2 billion in cost to the NHS. Obesity is a particular problem for young adults as it can cause them to be at an increased risk of developing variousRead MoreDiabetes : A Senior Project Will Be About Diabetes1856 Words   |  8 Pages Diabetes This senior project will be about diabetes. There are 29.1 million people in the United States or 9.3 percent of the population who have diabetes. Only 24 percent of people are undiagnosed of diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to property use and store glucose like a form of sugar. Glucose backs up in the blood stream causing one’s blood glucose sometimes referred as blood sugar to rise too high. Diabetes can occur in anyone. However, those who have closeRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Osteoporosis1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthe bones begin to weaken. Over some time a person can become brittle and can be disposed to fractures (Ailinger, 2005, p. 135-142). Osteoporosis can be divided among four stages, the first starts at the age of 35 before it can be detectable, stage 2 occurs between ages 35 and 55 when osteoporosis is detected with a test, stage 3 begins around the age of 45 and is characterized as bone fractures, and stage 4 begins around the ag e of 55 with fractures and accompanied by chronic pain and deformityRead MoreDisease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care2925 Words   |  12 Pagesthe worlds population is increasing because of a decline in fertility and a 20-year increase in the average life span during the second half of the 20th century. These factors, combined with elevated fertility in many countries during the 2 decades after World War II (i.e., the Baby Boom), will result in increased numbers of persons aged gt;65 years during 2010--2030. Worldwide, the average life span is expected to extend another 10 years by 2050. The growing number of older adults increases demandsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity3780 Words   |  16 Pagesanthropometric measurements and to determine body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the ratio of waist and hips to give insight into the type of obesity which the patient belongs and which is exposed to a health risk. Creating a well-designed prevention programs are one of the major challenges for public health in order to raise awareness in the population that obesity is a disease that can be prevented with proper diet and adequate physical activity. INTRODUCTION Obesity is a majorRead MoreHealth History for Health Assessment Essay3959 Words   |  16 Pages(relationship to patient): Lucille Ball/wife (XXX) XXX-XXXX Reason for Seeking Healthcare: â€Å"Providing a Health History for Health Assessment† History of Present Illness: Patient does not have a present illness. He is only seeking care for the purpose of providing a health history for the interviewer’s assignment. Obtaining the history of the presenting illness of a patient is important in determining if the illness is a one-time acute condition, or one of a more chronic nature. If the patient has experienced

377A of Singapore Penal Code

Question: Discuss on 377A of Singapore penal code, people's reactions on the section 377A and different Issues around this section 377A of Singapore? Answer: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 What is Section 377A of the Penal Code of Singapore The article 377A of Singapore states that no male person can have a physical relationship with another man orally or sexually. Neither he is helping another man to have sex nor he should help any other man to have such relationship. If he found guilty in keeping homosexual relationship with other men he would be punished (National Library Board, S. 2015). The punishment for this crime can be up to two years imprisonment. It would not matter whether they are doing such act at their personal place or at a public place it would be considered as a crime according to law. 1.2 People's reactions on the section 377A This bill was criticized by the people already living in relationship with other men. The gay community also filed a plea against this bill. Their argument was that the law cannot discriminate between a man and women. The lesbian relationships are accepted in a society, then why their relationship is considered as crime.There should not be any discrimination between the four relationships that is homosexual, lesbian, gay and transgender (Ling, L. 2010). According to them God has made them different from a normal human being biologically so the same law cannot be implemented on them. They should be treated in a different way. Whereas the counter view is that these are against the moral values. This is not ethically correct and even the nature has not made it this way 2.0 Different Issues around this section 377A of Singapore This act is against the law of nature: Even nature has discriminate between man and women. As a matter of fact, a woman can give birth to a child when she has intimate contact with a man. That is one of the reasons why this act is not supported by certain religious (FCBC) people (National Library Board, S. 2015). They have raised this issue as one of the problems which might decline moral values of the society. Discrimination between man and woman: One of the major issues is that this law is applicable to gay society only it does not hinder the relationship of lesbians (National Library Board, S. 2015). The Pink Dot organization has raised this issue of discrimination as their view is that the law should be equal for all and there is no reason to have this Law against man. So either this law should be abolished or should be amended for both sexes. Gay relationships are considered as sin: In Islamic and Catholic church the gay relationships are considered as a sin. Religious groups have tried to publish, this act as something which is not rightful and have condemned any protest against removal of this act.They even went on to raise their issues with white dress protest. Sexual orientation is different: LGBT community believes that there is nothing wrong ethically or morally in what they are doing as it is the nature who has made them this way (Carlson, D. 2014).They have raised the issue mentioning that they should be considered as normal people and even this act should be considered as something which they cannot control. 3.0 Reasons why the Section 377A of the Penal CodeShould continue Former homosexuals are no longer homosexual: There has been cases where and reports suggesting that some people, which were Homosexual were transformed into heterosexual over a period of time (The Online Citizen,. 2007). So it cannot be argued that this is incurable. Transmitting sexual diseases: The chances of transmitting sexual diseases are quite high as compared to the heterosexual relationship (Lindsey, H. 2014), As this type of Sex also involves anal sex which can be really harmful. The chances of AIDs/HIV also increase. Faithful relationship: To have a very strong society, it is essential to have a strong and faithful relationship between men and women(The Online Citizen,. 2007). This message was quite clear in the protest made by 1000s of Singaporean christian by wearing white to protest against Pink Dot gay rally. Family: A child always requires both Man and woman during their early age. Even if a child is adopted by a gay couple, the child would not be able to identify the qualities which a women posses. White Dress Event which was organized by Faith community Baptist Church mentioned that there would be Decline in moral values if there is sex between men and it might lead to unhealthy family atmosphere (Chua, L. 2012). They even consider this act as a crime. 4.0 Reasons why the Section 377A of the Penal CodeShould be removed. Private behavior: This is something which is very private to a person and there are laws to support privacy and freedom. There is no need to interfere in someone private matter(The Online Citizen,. 2007). Even the Pink Dot organization (community of gay people) in Singapore celebrates this as Freedom of love. In their view, it is their right to have freedom of sexual orientation. No harm: This type of Man would not harm any other individuals so it does not make any sense to make a law to stop them from any such acts (The Online Citizen,. 2007). These gay people are doing things in the world and which in turn would not affect any other people. Born in this way: These Men are born is this way and there is no point in trying to force them to change, As this might never happen. The Pink Dot community has also supported the point that the people belonging to LBGT are innate (The LGBT Community, Health Policy, and the Law 2010). It should be considered that it is not in their mind to control this feeling. Other more devastating issues: There are many more issues in the Singapore which should be given priority rather than focusing and spending time on someones personal choice. There are issues related to economic growth, poverty and equally which should be given importance rather than working on laws against the gay men. 5.0 References Carlson, D. (2014). Postqueer? Examining Tensions Between LGBT Studies and Queer Theory: A Review of LBGT Studies and Queer Theory.Journal Of LGBT Youth,11(1), 95-100. Chua, L. (2012). Pragmatic Resistance, Law, and Social Movements in Authoritarian States: The Case of Gay Collective Action in Singapore.Law Soc'y Rev,46(4), 713-748. Lindsey, H. (2014). Meeting Examines the Continuing Challenges of Cancer, HPV, HIV in the LGBT Community.Oncology Times,36(7), 36-37. Ling, L. (2010).Eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 25 March 2015, fromhttps://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1639_2010-01-31.htmlhttps://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1639_2010-01-31.html National Library Board, S. (2015).Penal Code section 377A | Infopedia.Eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 25 March 2015, fromhttps://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1639_2010-01-31.html The LGBT Community, Health Policy, and the Law. (2010).Virtual Mentor,12(8), 658-662. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2010.12.8.hlaw1-1008 The Online Citizen,. (2007).377A serves public morality : NMP Thio Li-Ann. Retrieved 25 March 2015, fromhttps://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2007/10/377a-serves-public-morality-nmp-thio-li-ann/

Lux Brand Promotion free essay sample

Promotion Lux campaigns have wooed millions of hearts over the decades. Popularly know as the beauty soap of film stars, Lux has been an intimate partner of the brightest stars on the silver screen for decades. An ode to their beauty, an announcer of their stardom, advertising campaigns on Lux have featured film stars across the nation, promising their beauty to ordinary women. In Bangladesh, almost all of the beautiful faces in media from different generations have been associated with Lux over the years. To name a few re Doyel, Champa, Suborna Mustafa, Nipa, Shakila Zafar, Bipasha Hayat, Afsana Mimi, Shomi Kaiser, Mou, Kushum Shikder and Aupi Karim. However, this star depended communication was slowly seen to be losing relevance, as consumers were beginning to question if the film stars actually used the brand. Thus, for the first time the film star was used as a communication device and not as the main feature of the ad. We will write a custom essay sample on Lux Brand Promotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the new communication strategy, the film star is used purely as a communication device to portray star quality in every Lux user. Branding story:  What is the common seductive link between Hollywood actor Paul Newman, Bollywood actors Shah Rukh Khan and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam chief J. Jayalalithaa? They have all tried selling a soap at some point or the other. And the soap is Lux, the premium beauty soap from consumer products company HUL. â€Å"Lux has been the epitome of beauty for the Indian woman and inspires all women in India to enjoy the process of beautifying without any constraints,† says Srikanth Srinivasamadhavan, category head, personal wash, HUL. Lux—derived from the word luxury— was launched in 1899 as a laundry soap in the UK. In 1925, the brand was extended to the toilet soap category. It was positioned as a beauty soap in India, and HUL has since used successful film actors of the time—such as Leela Chitnis, Madhubala, Hema Malini and Kareena Kapoor—to endorse the product. Lux’s secret of longevity has been its consistent evolution—be it the soap colour, packaging or new variants, the brand has banked on innovation to keep its youthful image intact. Extending the soap cake to a range of shower gels, liquid soaps and moisturizing bars has helped the brand keep consumers excited and the competition at bay. What has not changed is the consistency in its communication and its positioning. Its tag lines—If it’s good enough for a film star, then it’s good for you too to Play with beauty—have conveyed the same message over the years. â€Å"Lux is a brand like Mills Boon. While the packaging and content could change, the romance angle doesn’t. It taps into an emotion very close to humanity’s basic need—social interaction. The brand has always hired celebrities when they have reached a certain height rather than using them at the start of their careers. This avoids the issue of celebrities overshadowing the brand,† says Agnello Dias, national creative director, JWT, which handles the account. Competitor pod Godrej(9. 2%)- Cinthol,  Fair glow Nikhar Nirma soaps(6. 74%) Wipro-Santoor Chandrika Itc(1. 75%)-Superia,Fiama di wills, vivel Internally-Lifebouy Dove

How postmodernism can be used as a theoretical approach to the Humanities

There are myriad of practices, methods and ideals that encompass the concept of post modernism especially in regards to humanities. As a matter of fact, this concept entails quite a number of theories attached to critical thinking and philosophy, contrary to the belief that it is a philosophical movement. Some of the most common theoretical applications of postmodernism have been witnessed in humanities, post-structuralism and feminism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How postmodernism can be used as a theoretical approach to the Humanities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, post modernism is apparently another perspective through which traditional ideologies can be approached in non-conventional ways by deviating from the mode of superculturalism that has been pre-established. Owing to this complexity in defining postmodernism, the concept has been treated and debated with lots of controversy. For instance, this concept gained a lot of prominence during the 1950s before it could eventually be discussed alongside humanities such as art and literature during the 1960s. In any case, the origin of postmodernism is largely believed to have been developed through humanities. On the other hand, Humanities include all those study disciplines that involve the human race but at the same time void of science or scientific origin. Most branches in literature, theology or philosophy studies lie under humanities. Theology and musical and visual arts are also studied in humanities. English among other languages form a strong basis in humanities as a medium of communication. The liberal studies as well as general human artistic works are all embraced in humanities. Needless to say, it is definite that humanities can be theoretically approached from the concept of postmodernism. For example, theories that attempt to explain metaphysics, formalism, constructivism, realism, relativism as well a s positivism are firmly grounded in postmodernism in spite of the slight departure. In a sense, the western civilization has been critiqued through its intellectual pillars, traditional practices and the enlightenment legacy. According to postmodernism theory, most of those elements that are considered to be realities are merely social constructs. As a result, they are prone to transform at any given time. This conforms to philosophical thinking of certain theorists of the 20th century. For instance, Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007) argued out that there are currently so many signs that reality seems to have disappeared. Moreover, the concept of postmodernism theoretically emphasizes the relative importance of motivations, power relations and language when formulating ideologies and belief systems. This coincides with most tenets in humanities.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In ess ence, the sharp binary classification has been attacked by the postmodernism concept. Some of the classifications that have been disputed include colonial versus imperial, black versus white, gay versus straight and female versus male. Such strict classifications are disputed in postmodernism. As a theoretical explanation towards humanities, studies in sociology and political science tend to benefit a lot from this standing point. The concept continues to argue out that any form of reality should be treated as plural. In addition, realty depends on the interpretation of the parties involved as well as the nature of what is being addressed. Indeed, this can be used as theoretical explanation to the theory of truth as portrayed in philosophy. The concept of postmodernism is also quite categorical that since people’s perception of the world is subjective, absolute truth is non-existent. To date, it is evident several fields in humanities have been influenced by postmodernism. So me of theories derived from postmodernism have been used either directly or indirectly in music, visual arts, anthropology, history, architecture, linguistics, sociology, literary criticism as well as religion. While postmodernism has been discussed at length in various pieces of literature, it is profound to note that modernism has also vastly contributed to most humanities while the intrinsic difference between the two is minimal. Moreover, postmodernism has also changed various perspectives in the interpretation of the law as well as in business and marketing. It has also been considered to be an academic movement by far and large since it depicts some form of reactivity to modernism in as far as the entire field of humanity is concerned. In particular, theories derived from postmodernism are often closely related to skepticism, textuality and plurality. Hence, humanity is the key beneficiary of such theoretical platforms. In yet another description of postmodernism by Fredric Ja meson who was a literary critic, it is evident that this concept was also understood as part and parcel of the economic theory of capitalism that was cultural-based and dominant as well. This took place during the historical period of late capitalism. The latter has also been conclusively expounded by Ernest Mandel who was a Marxist theorist. According to the latter theorist, the concept of postmodernism took shape during the late capitalism years and was largely associated with consumer capitalism, multinational capitalism and globalization. Nonetheless, globalization seems to be a recent development in the field of humanities although aptly fitting within the confines of postmodernism. Furthermore, the post modern philosophy such as the concepts of objectivity and subjectivity are purely developed from the theoretical application of postmodernism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How postmodernism can be used as a theoretical approach to the Humanities specif ically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To recap it all, it is vital to reiterate that the development of postmodernism theory has largely influenced the ideological assumptions in the field of humanity. Therefore, it can be used as a theoretical approach to humanities. This essay on How postmodernism can be used as a theoretical approach to the Humanities was written and submitted by user Harmony J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

English Titles of Nobility

English Titles of Nobility English Titles of Nobility English Titles of Nobility By Mark Nichol Terms for members of the aristocracy are often applied by extension to other, often colloquial, usage. Here are titles of English nobility and some of their other connotations. King, from the Old English word cyning, refers to a hereditary lifelong ruler; a king who rules over other kings might be called a high king. The word emperor, from the Latin term imperator, meaning â€Å"commander,† denoted someone who ruled over an empire, a collection of kingdoms or other states, though it was never used in England or Great Britain. Female equivalents are queen and empress; monarch is a non-gender-specific generic term not used as a title with a name (as king or emperor would be in, say, â€Å"King Arthur† or â€Å"Emperor Hirohito†). King is also used to describe the preeminent person in a field, as in Michael Jackson’s designation as â€Å"the King of Pop.† (Jazz musicians of the early twentieth century were precursors of this tradition, adopting monikers such as Duke Ellington and Count Basie that referred to their stature as leading practitioners of their craft. It is also the name of a playing card, a chess piece, and a crowned piece in checkers; emperor has no such connotations, though both king and emperor are sometimes applied to large animals of their type, as in â€Å"king penguin† and â€Å"emperor penguin,† and â€Å"monarch butterfly† refers to an especially regal-looking specimen of flying insect. Queen, meanwhile, has other meanings: It refers to a woman of regal bearing or of attainment of stature in an area of endeavor, such as in â€Å"beauty queen,† or to an animal, such as a type of bee, that exists for breeding. The word is also applied, often pejoratively, to an effeminate or flamboyant gay man, or, in the phrase â€Å"drama queen,† to a highly emotional person. Queen also refers to a specific playing card and a particular chess piece. The Latin term princeps (â€Å"first citizen†) was originally applied to the unofficial leader of the Roman Senate; later, the emperor Augustus referred to his grandsons by that title, and as prince in English it came to refer to the male descendants of a king. (An heir to a kingship is a crown prince.) It is also used generically, as in the title of Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s classic political tract The Prince, to refer to any political leader of noble birth. A prince might also be the ruler of a small country (called a principality), as was common in Europe during the early 1800s, or the husband of a ruling queen. The feminine form is princess, which is also sometimes used jocularly to be a spoiled woman or girl, while prince was at times used as an obsequious compliment for a man of high professional or social standing. The Latin word dux (â€Å"leader†), from which duke was derived, was used to refer to a military commander, especially a non-Roman one, in the Roman Republic and later the top military commander of a Roman province. From there the sense became that of a ruler of a province (and sometimes a separate country, styled a duchy). Eventually, the title was granted to a few senior nobles, including, in England, the king’s sons. In other countries, a preeminent duke might be styled an archduke or a grand duke; the female equivalent of a duke, or the wife of one, is a duchess. (John Wayne’s nickname, Duke, derived from the name of a favorite dog of his.) A marquis (the English equivalent is a marquess, pronounced as spelled) was a nobleman whose domain was on the march, or border, of a country, and therefore had higher status than the next-highest-ranking nobleman, a count. (The female equivalent is a marquise, or marchioness.) The title of count derives from the Latin term comitem (â€Å"companion†), which refers to an associate or representative of an emperor; from this word we get county, originally referring to the area held by a count. The equivalent to count in the British Isles is earl (from the Old English term eorl, meaning â€Å"nobleman† or â€Å"warrior†), but because no feminine equivalent of that term exists, countess is used for both the wife of a count and the wife of an earl. (Earl is also a given name.) Viscount (the first element of the word is from vice, as in â€Å"vice president†) is a term for a lower-ranking nobleman; viscountess is the feminine equivalent. The lowest-ranking title of nobility is baron, from a Latin word for â€Å"man,† â€Å"servant,† or â€Å"soldier†; a baron held a barony, and his wife was a baroness. Baronet is a title granted by kings of England, but baronets (and their wives, called baronetesses) are not considered of the nobility. By extension, baron has been used to denote to a person of influence in commerce, such as in â€Å"cattle baron,† referring to a wealthy rancher. The rank of knight formerly denoted the bottom tier of nobility, but it is no longer conferred except as an honorary title in England, although hereditary knighthoods persist in other European countries. â€Å"White knight† and â€Å"black knight† refer in business lingo to someone seeking to acquire a corporation in a friendly or unfriendly takeover respectively; â€Å"knight in shining armor† is a dated reference to an ideal man sought by a woman as good marriage material. The female equivalent of knight is dame, which also used to be applied to an elderly woman in general and for a time during the twentieth century was slang for an attractive woman. The wife of a king who does not herself rule is referred to as a queen consort or empress consort; a woman who rules is a queen regnant or empress regnant. The widow of any nobleman is called a dowager (the word is from the Middle French term douagiere, derived from douer, meaning â€Å"to endow†); this term, like the others used in association with a higher-ranking title in a phrase such as â€Å"queen dowager,† may also refer to any woman holding property from her deceased husband, or to a dignified elderly woman in general, though such usage is rare, and the latter is generally meant humorously. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Peace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindHonorary vs. Honourary

Without modern technology, what did European people of all ages and Research Paper

Without modern technology, what did European people of all ages and class do for fun and entertainment during the Renaissance period - Research Paper Example It was believed that good health promotes learning, as the body and the soul is indivisible. This theory called for recreation and play to go hand-in-hand with studying and working. Recreation does not only mean playtime. Using the popular theory of the body and soul during the Renaissance, it can be assumed that recreation gives the soul and the body its strength as the exercises toughens the body and studying expands one’s knowledge. One cannot learn if all one does is work or study. The mind and the body may be nourished with wisdom and knowledge but the body is not prepared to face the battles and challenges that the everyday life gives. How can one study then if the body is weak? Thus, the need for a physically fit body and sound mind is important in living well during the Renaissance. This belief goes hand-in-hand with the importance of human life and the value placed on dignity and individuality. During the Renaissance, the distinction between children and adults were blurred. Children were believed to have no importance in the society because of their lack of strength and knowledge (Hughes p.9). Only the elite members of the society has the chance to take on their education at a young age, the rest were off to work. Just the same with work, recreation, playing games and chanting nursery rhymes were done by everyone, children and adults alike. Recreation was not only part of the people’s way of living, as part of their relaxation and spiritual renewal. Recreation became a part of education, too (Hinds p.60). Since it was believed that recreation is a way to nourish one’s spirit and body, it was included in the study program of young children. Recreation and pastime during the Renaissance ranged from animal sports to celebrating feasts. Though their activities differ, the period has shown many types of recreation and pastimes that were to strengthen the body, as well as, nourish the soul.

Love - Language and Memory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love - Language and Memory Paper - Essay Example Memory, one of the most intriguing components of the human psyche, have been studied and even subcategorized by countless scholars throughout the decades. Among the most notable theories of its categories is the issue regarding semantic memory and it link to language production. Several questions can be deliberated when looking upon this specific interaction of memory and language. Is memory, more specifically semantic memory, the sole reference with which language is formed and structured? How does semantic memory affect the production of language? More importantly, will language be able to survive without semantic memory? And is it possible that both language and semantic memory dependently coexists in some aspects? This article will try to detail the important facets of language and its relationship with semantic memory. Before we delve into the dynamics of language and semantic memory, let us first define the psychological concept that is memory. Memory can be described as â€Å"the capacity that permits organisms to benefit from their past experiences.†(Tulving, 1985, p.385). Procedural memory enables organisms to retain learned connection between stimuli and responses including those involving complex stimulus patterns and response chains, and to respond adaptively to the environment. Semantic memory is characterized by the additional capability of internally representing states of the world that are not perceptually present... Episodic memory affords the additional capability of acquisition and retention of knowledge about personally experienced events and their temporal relations in subjective time and ability to mentally â€Å"travel back† in time. (p.386). Memory is made up of a number of interrelated systems, organized structures of operating components consisting of neural substances and their behavioural and cognitive correlates. A ternary classificatory scheme of memory is proposed in which procedural, semantic, and episodic memory

Recruitment and selection consultation Assignment - 3

Recruitment and selection consultation - Assignment Example The firm targets on increasing the consumer base in the short run. Besides, diversification of the services that the firm offers will increase in the near future. The firm comprises of a workforce that comprises of the management and the general human resource on the ground that interact with the firm’s clients on a daily basis (Jianping, 2011, p. 12). The position refers to the owners of the company whose main task is making decisions on behalf of the shareholders of the business firm. The governors also include the people with the most shares in the firm. The individual is responsible for the financial matters that accrue in the firm. The position has the mandate of advising the chief executive officer and the board of governors on the financial decisions that influence the company. The position is responsible for all transactions that the firm partakes on a daily basis. The individual occupying the spot is also responsible for recording the transactions the financial transactions. The position also provides vital information on the solvency of the company and provides updates on the financial of the company(Kim S., 2009, p. 7). The survey shows that the human resource in the firm needs more motivational measures as a way of increasing the output. The need for more working gear is also an implication that is prevailing and entails the future. The consultation procedure should also be made clear on how to go about complaints and requests. The current method provides a suggestion box for suggestions. The consultation process should be in the form of the immediate superior up the ladder to the top most person of the organization. The firm’s need is both managerial and good execution of the duties. Thus, the plan entails on acquiring the most eligible managers, as well as instructors. In addition, the company intends to provide sales executives who will market the firm to potential customers and notify them of the firm’s dealings. The

Chhota Bheem Tell Amoral Values

Chhota Bheem Tell Amoral Values Television has become the trend setter and also watching television is not only for entertainment rather it reflects the socio-cultural phenomenon of the society. Now a days every morning there are hundreds of celebrities are waiting to see our children via television window. It says many things such as from good morning to good night. Television brings their dream world in to the magic screen. A cartoon was defined as an animated program with a sequence of events scheduled for television viewing on a regular basis. The virtual cartoon characters take the opportunity to make the children happy for ever through various ways such as telling different stories, attractive wardrobe, action, language etc., Television becomes the suitable medium for the source of entertainment for the people in the world especially for children. Since 1950, educational psychologists, parents and media experts have been started scrutinizing television and its programs. According to 2011 census data, 31.1% are children among the total population in India. On the other hand, Worlds third largest television market is India with 138 million television households. The annual growth of Indian television industry is doubled in the past two decades. It absolutely diverse from what children is seeing in the real world, but somehow it is connected to it. Todays children will be the tomorrows leader. Considering children as a vital social element is significant in the multiethnic society. According to TV viewership ratings (TVR) 2011, most popular and animated series of childrens genre got 85% of viewership and around 76% of content in cartoon programs were telecast only in English in the same year. But later on due to the demand from the viewers side, regional languages also have been considered in the year 2012. Doordarshan was the only channel to telecast mythological stories such as Ramayana (1987) and Mahabharata (1989). These were the first programs produced and those programs created a world record in viewership. But today globalization widens the path and gives tremendous change in the media industry especially in television. There are thousands of programs and hundreds of channels are available in India. Through the small screen, several fictional characters are getting fame even in the national and international level. Through the benefits of creating virtual ambiance in the cartoon programs, broadcasters easily grab the childrens attention. For example, kids most favorite channels such as Cartoon Network and Pogo were telecast 25,000 episodes of animation content in the year 2011. Producing animation content is not a tough job, but it consumes more time than producing an non-animated content(Young, 2012). Making a bond with children by telling stories has been practiced from several centuries ago. Even today, when we hear the following words Once up on a time, we could remember the same words said by our grandparents or parents to us. The story telling process is not merely as passing the time. Through telling stories, we can inculcate positive effects such as changing attitude, behavior on children. Instigating stories could make a child to follow moral values that can happen to the morality of life. The most important points in telling stories to children is what type of stories have been taught and how it was described to them. Parents should not think like story telling is a part of bed-time entertainment; but that could be the time to pass on the moral values to them. Story telling creates mutual bond between parents and their kids. With the disintegration of joint families, the concept of telling stories is also gradually diminishing. This, in addition to the proliferation of mass media, has replaced the family members by television. There is an argument that telling stories to children through television programs may have an impact on their personality and development. In contrast, there is a counter argument that telling stories better than allowing them an extra hour to sit with a computer or television. There are many ways for the parents to tell a story such as past life incidents, experiences and what they would listen from their parents. Apart from these, our culture has a mixture of mythological stories such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. Review of Literature The consequences of television have been analyzed by parents, media specialists, practitioners, communication experts and social reviewer from the year 1950 onwards. Television has the control on childrens metacognitive, shared, expressive and other behaviors (Mares Woodard, 2001). Television sets an example of dyadic communication and several areas of family life. Children are admired by the television; because of showing numerous child characters. Children show more interest in watching television programs which consists of several child characters (Schmitt, Anderson Collins, 1999). Morals are also passed on to generations. Finding out the source of different moral stories are difficult, because it has come from various parts of the world. But in India, most of the stories have said and it originates from Aesop. Aesop tales are quite popular among children in India. In the same way, there are several types of stories have been taught in India. Panchatantra tales are famous and it consists of Indian stories very similar to the Aesops fable are based on animals kingdom. Jataka tales deals with the people who believe in reincarnation, i.e. life after death. These are the life stories as different life forms, conveying the message of honesty. Aesops fables area also quite popular. All children like their pet animals. Those kinds of stories make a deal with birds or animals. There are 100 stories only on animal kingdom and brilliantly attached with the moral. Children can focus their brain power with Birbal, King Akbars famous intelligent and clever consultant. Myths and legends are the combined segment of human life. Those are surrounded us forever. There are 140 and more varieties of mythological stories consist several values (Moral Stories for Kids, n.d.). According to Bennett (1995a, b) children must hear moral stories in order to develop good values and moral literacy. Believers of conventional character education state that, listening moral stories in one of the important aspect of moral education. A child acquires idea about how vital it is to live with a good quality and getting a better comprehension of the moral life by reading or listening a moral story (Narvaez, 2002). In the case of Malaysia, we found that the programs generally contained more positive values than negative ones, whether they were of local or foreign origins. This is due to strict censorship imposed by the government. Although both foreign and local programs can challenge the societys basic norms and values, the challenges must be balanced, conservatively expressed and ultimately have a positive contribution to humanity in the eyes of the censors. In this case, neither the program nor channel origin matters. We postulated that in a society with government censorship, the appearance of negative or positive values in television is not determined by the programs place of origin, but by the censors own values and perceptions(Hagiwara et al., 1999). Traditionally our children would have been heard from parents, grandparents, neighbors, and friends; but now many of the stories they hear from the accumulation of media performed by various fictional characters (Charlotte, 2010). In the earlier times children were used to play out with their peers, friends, and had done some kind of physical activities like cycling, playing construction games etc.,. But now the scenario has changed. Today television locked the children with in the four walls. Especially cartoon channels are making them fun and it has become a great pass time for children.(Chanda, 2008). According to Williams (1993), A theme expresses a pattern among story components in a form that is abstracted from the specific story context, and it also comments on that pattern in some way. The comment need not be evaluative. Thus, we define a theme as involving a commentary attached to a core concept. On the other hand theme is known as the idea that holds the story together, such as a comment about society, human nature, or the human condition (as cited in Lukens, 1982). Taylor (1986) studied the ability of children aged 9 -11 year old is easy to narrate an expository text in a story rather than summarizing. Goldman et al. (1984) examined the understanding of stories among children aged between 5 to 12. The cognitive structure of children aged below 10 would not make them to extract a theme. This could happen because of projecting expository text and idealistic fictional stories(Narvaez, 2002). According to Dick Cook, chairman of The Walt Disney Studios said, Animation is a new and rapidly expanding area in India, and the collaboration between Disney and Yash Raj Film studios will bring the very best in story-telling and cutting edge technology together as we make wonderful films that appeal to the entire family(Puljal, 2008). Earlier, only cartoon network channel was there to telecast foreign cartoon progrmas. But later on, local made programs were also telecast in order to cover the people. At first, new animation content creators took encouragement from the lowest hanging fruit available to them popular tradition, inspiring movies like Hanuman, Krishna and Ramayana. Then came fictionalizing these mythological stories with shows such as Krishna Balram where characters based on these mythologies were placed in fictional plots. Now, we are at a stage where the linkage to mythology has dwindled further. Series like Chhota Bheem on Pogo and Roll No. 21 on Cartoon Network just have character names similar to those in mythology. Statement of the problem Since our childhood to till adolesent , we have been listening to stories. In an earlier times, our parents, grandparents have been telling different genres of stores with morals at the end. They know, the value system of each child would be determined by what kind of stories have been taught, how often it is repeated and how far the family members have been practiced the same.Today plenty of storeis have been tausht by television programs. The purpose of this study is to provide much more specific way of looking at the content of childrens most favorite cartoon television program Chhota Bheem, to determine the degree and form of moral values in a story to children. Research Questions The study has been done based on the following objectives. Does Chhota bheem program teach moral values to children? How many episodes in Chhota Bheem program contains moral values? What kind of stories does Chhota Bheem program tell? Do the contnet of Chhota Bheem is appropriate to real life? Methodology It is a study of television deals with what is really there on the screen. This study specifically analysed the content of Chhota Bheem cartoon program which is aired in the POGO channel. 40 episodes have been recorded for the period of four months from June to September 2012. Repititions have not been taken in to account. Each episode runs approximately 12 minutes to 14 minutes time duartion. The study had been analysed totally 615 minutes of the total episodes. Each program is analysed based on the verbal and non-verbal elements which may consists of moral values. Theoritical Perspective Social learning theory According to Albert Bandura (1977), cartoon television programs are designed for children repeatedly implementing social learning theory. For example, Chhota Bheem, a childrens television program, the protagonist present with a condition of how to tackle the situation and how to be an honest person and maintaining friendship forever. The result is, the children learning about the problem solving techniques, the quality of being honest are done by observing the discoveries presented by the actors. This way the concept of social learning is applied. Labeling theory Labeling theory is an extension of social learning theory; otherwise known as social reaction theory. According to Howard Becker, it involves how learning can occur by attaching or imposing labels, titles and attributesreal or unrealto others. For example, in Chhota Bheem cartoon television program the characters of various ethnic groups to behave a certain way, accidentally creating a universal stereotype not reflective of reality. As the viewing audience of that group becomes saturated with labels falsely representing their behaviors, may learn through observation how to behave specific to the fiction being propagated, and thus the label becomes reality. Cultivation theory According George Gerbner (1976) the primary proposition of cultivation theory states that the more time people spend living in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality portrayed on television (Wikipedia, 2012). Television cultivates from infancy the very predispositions and preferences that used to be acquired from other primary sources The repetitive pattern of televisions mass-produced messages and images forms the mainstream of a common symbolic environment. Due to its accessibility and availability to the masses, television has become the central cultural arm of our society(Gerbner, 1979). Findings and Analysis Concept: A small incident happens in every story in the program and this is all about how Chhota Bheem and his Friends handle the every circumstance and finding solution for every problem. Program: The tile song consists of 54 consequetive shots and among those 12 shots deals with good values. The Jingle contains five good values associated with it. Visuals contain 60% of positive values such as kindness to people and animals, showing responsibility, being generous, helping, tolerance and unity; remaining part consists of neagive values such as fighting with people or animals, showing eating laddoos always, bullying others and gender discrimination. Figure 1 represent that majority of stories in Chhota Bheem program teach moral values to children. Relatively positive values are dominated than negative value. This signifies that the portrayal of the characters in the scene and the way they taught stories to children. There is a significant difference in showing poitive values and negative values in the program. Chhota Bheem is a very well known cartoon program among children now days. The overall programs are based on short stories or on short incidents which are held in and around Dholakpur. The program, which describes the feats of Chhota Bheem and his team of friends, is an original co-production between Turner International India and Hyderabad-based Green Gold studios. Fresh episodes are telecast in the prime time zone that is every day evening 6 p.m. In this program Chhota Bheem and his all Friends Chutki, Jaggu and Raju sit together under the tree and are playing with each other. They all are fun loving and always ready to help each other and to the needy people. They all are good by heart. The characteristics of each character have listed below. Characters: Bheem: Chhota Bheem is a nine-year-old kid who lives with gang of friends in the fictional town called Dholakpur. The character is inspired by the legendary Bheem from the Mahabharata. The protagonist of the show is Bheem. He is very powerful, intelligent and he is always ready to help others when anyone is in danger or in any problem. He never feels proud on his strength and always loves his Friends and everyone. He is stronger than anyone else. He respects every human being and always helps needy and poor people. His smartness and confidence can easily be shown on his face. He is a lovable character and like an ideal for the children. He loves to take Laddoo every time whenever he feels weak; he likes to have Laddoo and regains his power after that. He also loves to eat Bananas. Chutki: Chutki is a female character and a friend of Bheem. She is the sweetest character in this program. Her Pink Cheeks, Crystal Clear Eyes, Cute Voice and Two Tails make her much sweeter than others. She loves her friends and always takes care of them. She also helps her mother in house chores. She always helps Bheem by giving him Laddoos on right time so that he can save everyone from the bad situation. Jaggu: Jaggu is also a friend of Bheem. He is a monkey who can speak to people. He is naughty by his character. He has fun with his friends and also helps them whenever needs. His voice is also very funny. Raju:Â   Raju is the cutest character in this program. He looks very cute and innocent with only two front hairs, one tooth and with his Blue innerwear. His sweet voice and his innocent actions show that he is naughty. Kalia: Kalia is a Pahalwaan in Dholakpur Village and always feel jealous of Bheem because of his smartness and power. He is the competitor of Bheem. He always tries to prove himself better, more powerful and smarter than Bheem but always all in vain just because of his foolishness. Dholu-Bholu: Dholu-Bholu is twins and so they look alike. They are the followers of Kalia but they never do believe on him while in any danger they believe on Bheem. Sometimes they help their guru Kalia but he never gave them any attention. Indumati: Indumati is the only daughter of King of Dholakpur Indravarma. She is also very cute. Sometimes she also joins Bheem and his Friends for some fun. She doesnt like Kalia because she always had an idea about kalia is very jealous about Bheem and his behavior is always troublesome. On the other hand, she has a soft corner with Bheem and others are friends. She always recommends seeking help from Bheem whenever the crisis occurs. Indravarma: Indravarma is the King of this village who is very kind-hearted caring about all the villagers. He believes only on Bheem whenever any danger comes on the village. He always takes care of all the villagers. Villagers of Dholakpur: Since it is a small village, the people of Dholakpur are considerably less. The shops and houses are looking similar of how we had in the earlier times. The ambiance looks real and it make us to believe. When ever the problem comes they used to inform Maharaj Indravarma. Implications We had been listened stories from our parents and grand parents. Those stories strightly had a moral at the end. At the same time, the concept and the characters in those stories were real and it could be adapted with the real life situations. Today the conent in the childrens televisions program are turned in to commercial. But Choota Bheem run successfully because of the name of the character and portrayal of his behavior, proving team spirit through out the program. On the other hand, though Bheem has always been portrayed as good person generally, in one episode they show him as stealing laddoos.Later on his action is justified by stating that he was hungry. At the end of the story, he threw a rock to stop flowing valcano. The impractical situations and behaviors signifies only fantasizing the spectators rather telling good values in an acceptable manner. In such a way, oneday Bheem safeguard his people and friends from raging bull in Dholakpur. A nine year old boy who is assumed to be brave and mightiest in character is always portrayed to fight with animals and people who are bad in character in order to prove his bravity and strength. There are four episodes which contains no significant moral values at the end. An another episode reinforce the value of helping people at the right time. Bheem helped his friend Raju who had left alone in the forest from the attack of dangerous snake and the Lion. The perceived moral of the story at the end is timely help is always appreciable. Similarly Bheem is portrayed as brave by defeating the fellow competitor called Hercules in the competition. The patriotic value has shown through his behavior at the end of the episode. This could make our children who are watching this program may have an attitude towards protecting nations fame is our responsibility when anything comes to damage our nations image that is known as patriotism. Raju admired the magical session done by the great magiciaan Jadugar. After he left, Raju found the magic wand at floor. He used it for play as his own. He changed his frends in to fruits and animals by telling wrong magic codes. Finally he was seeking the help of Jadugar uncle and realised them from the magic spell.This reinforce the value of not to interfere anything with out knowing what it is?. Bheem was tring to help the flying horse which is kidnapped by kalia.By releasing them from the custody of kalia, he proved his kindness towards animals. The story emphasizes that we should love animals. Bheem and his friends were started searching Rajus father who is abondoned during war. Bheem and his friends are searching him together and finding him out after a long journey. The story emphasizes unity is strength. A most aggressive chrocodile tries to attack the people at dholakpur. After a long try by others, Bheem recalls the old saying that is before you fight understand the strengthes and weakness of your enemy. Finally he planned accordingly and defeated the wild chrocodile. Kalia and his rowdy uncle from mumbai are planned unethical ways to win Bheem. Bheem and his friends finding their silly techniques and teaching them a lesson. This part of story signifies You will get it accordingly what do you do. Bheem and his friends are finding a cave which consists plenty of gold. Though their friends are interseted in gold, he adviced them not to take it and it belongs to the people of dholakpur. This segment contains significant moral at the end of the story that is selflessness makes a man perfect. Bheem and his friends proving once again by defeating his enemy mangal singh and saved the life of princess by giving rare medicinal plant. He reinforce the value that saving life is precious than getting reward. King Indravarma deceive himself by helping pirates to get in to their boat. Bheem released them from the pirates at the end. The episode promotes the moral such as it is not always wise to take people at their word. In the same way Bheem release the sea princess from kalia who brought her under the custody for making money. The moral represent not to exploit others. Bheem and his friends combinely running a street show to earn money in order to release his cousins father from jail. The value of this segment is honesty beats poverty. Bheem trying to release his princess from the evil power. He struggles a lot to release her and finally he won. The moral denotes A person who shares the danger ought to get the reward. Kalia misuses the magic broom and tries to harm Bheem and others, but he got punishment from the witch who has left her magicbroom at Dholakpur. Similarly Bheem reveals the truth from the cheating guy called Nutwar Lal and the dishonest prime minister of dholakpur by his intelligence. There are four episodes are emphasizing the same moral such as Harm seek, harm find. Kalia and his followers Dholu and Bholu use the time machine for their own purposes. They feel ashamed when it is not belongs to them. This segment denote the value such as false confidence often leads in to danger. Bheem and his friends use their intelligence to defeat an un indentified object which comes from the sea in an episode. The moral of the story is Presence of mind shows the way to success. Bheem overcome the issue of magic seed by taking advice of the elders. Bheem obeys elders words and solve the problem accordingly. Listening to elders advice never fails is the moral of the story at the end. Bheem was searching for a solution to win against magic giant. After long try he defeated him. The moral of the story is every problem has a solution. Among all the episodes, there are three episodes have reinforced the value such as an act of kindness is a good investment. Bheem and his friends reveals the the truth behind the cheating fellow who hides inside the tree and makes the public to believe as it is a talking tree. Finally his team members bringing him in to the king. Through this they teach us we do not believe on superstitious things. Bheem and his friends tries to change the mindset of a selffish wood cutter. He is emphasising the value

Impact of Terrorism on Pakistan Economy

The Effects of Terrorism & Tourism on the Economy of Pakistan Pakistan is one of the poorest countries on the planet, ranking 171st in the world on the GDP per capita measure, according to the CIA's World Factbook. Terrorism is a big detriment to Pakistan's development, including its tourism industry. Terror attacks are common in the country, and even Pakistan's former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was killed as a result of a suicide attack in 2007. 1. The Effect on Tourism oTourism is underdeveloped in Pakistan.Most of the people who visit the country are people of Pakistani descent who make up the Pakistani diaspora in the U. S. and other countries. Accordingly, the effect of tourism on the economy of Pakistan is negligible. That said, if the security situation improves, Pakistan could become a fairly popular tourist destination thanks to its unique culture and geography (Pakistan boasts a beautiful mountain terrain of the Himalayas, among other attractions). Terrorism Hinders Comm erce oAccording to a presentation of the Lahore School of Economics, terrorism has a negative impact on the national economy of Pakistan.The threat of terrorism not only diverts resources to security spending, driving up costs for businesses, but also creates instability about business prospects in the country. Businesses find it difficult to obtain bank loans and get into long-term contractual obligations. o Insecurity Hampers Investment oInsecurity that results from terrorism hampers the Foreign Direct Investment that goes into Pakistan. Investors fret that terrorism may lead to Islamic extremists taking power, destabilizing social and economic structures in the country.

To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools

Theory: My reason for choosing plastic and coconut as the best insulator is because company's use plastic when producing things to contain heat. An example of this is a kettle, which use's plastic to keep the heat in so that it does not escape. Plastic is also used on the handles of pot's and pans, which deal with a lot of heat when cooking. Coconut is also a good insulator because when you cut down a coconut from the palm tree there is a lot of liquid inside of it. This liquid is kept inside of with out having the liquid evaporating. When you combine the two together you get the best of both. You are also trapping air in between the two materials. There are also three ways heat can travel these as conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction: This is the process in which heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by vibrating into each other hence passing the energy. All materials allow energy to pass through them by conduction. The particles of a gas are spread out making them poor conductors of energy because they are so spread out. Convection: If a temperature difference arises within a liquid or a gas, then fluid motion will almost certainly occur. This transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. Radiation: The process of transmitting waves or particles through space, or some medium; or such waves or particles themselves. Waves and particles have many characteristics in common; usually, however, the radiation is predominantly in one form or the other. Variables: In this investigation there are many variables. I will have to do many things to ensure this is a fair investigation. 1. I will change the water each time I complete a set of results and use the same source of water. 2. I will use the same copper mug for all experiments. 3. I will heat all water to 80C 4. I will work in the same conditions each time. 5. I will use the same amount of material each time 6. I will use a lid of tin foil each time. 7. The mug will have one layer of tin foil around it. 8. The mug will be kept away from anything that may speed up the time it takes to cool Safety precautions: To keep the experiment safe I shall * Wear goggles at all times due to the danger of hot water * Wear a thick overall, which can be removed if any hot water is spilled. * Wear gloves to protect hands from being burnt. Equipment 1 mug 1 kettle 1 thermometer 1 heat mat 1 water source 1 of each material (5 in total) 1 tin foil lid Method:In the experiment, I am going to test 5 different materials in order to discover which is the best at insulating heat. We are to test the materials by wrapping them around a mug, which I will fill with 200ml of hot water at 80c and take the temperature every minute for 10 minutes. This will enable me to see the temperature decline clearly. I will repeat this sequence 3 times for each material to make sure it is fair and take a table of averages at the end. I will be using a thermometer to record the temperature, which is accurate to O.5c. The thermometer will be placed through the tin foil lid. Preliminary Experiment: This is the first of the series in which I used only the mug with a layer of tin foil around it. I used no lid so I could see the effects of convection and then decide on whether to use a lid in the real experiments using materials. In this we tried to use 300ml of water but found it to be impractical so will use only 200ml for the final experiment. Trying to get water at any temperature higher than 80oc was a rush and mistakes can be made in a rush so we will use 80oc in the final experiment. We tried using a data logger with a heat probe and a thermometer. We discovered cooling was very quick in this way so we will use a lid in the final experiment. We found the data logger to be rather unreliable so will use the thermometer in the real experiment. Analysis. Graphs and tables on separate sheet. Conclusion: The graph shows a trend with all the materials I have tested in that they all show negative correlation. As time goes on (as temperatures are displayed on the graph for every minute), the temperature of the water decreases. The graph shows the steady decline of temperature with the continuance of time over the ten minute testing time. The poorer insulating materials have steeper declines. The better insulating materials have less steep/ flatter declines. There is a range between the temperatures of the water after the ten minute testing time of 4.5 oC between the best and worst insulating material. In the early stages of the graph, the points ( of temperatures vs. time ) are all fairly close together. With the further continuance of time, larger ranges of temperature occur on the graph as aspects such as conduction, convection and radiation play further part in the cooling process. It is these 3 factors which an insulating material must contend with to determine how good it is at insulating heat. Conduction is the most influential factor of this cooling investigation so the better insulating materials needed to be good at trapping air to insulate heat as air is a poor thermal conductor which explains why felt and coconut on plastic were better insulators than cotton for example because coconut on plastic and felt are both thick materials and made of matted fibres so were able to trap air and insulate the heat well. In theory, the wool should have been best at reducing conduction as it is very thick and matted but it has square gaps between each strand ofwool where it has been sown together allowing heat to pass through. The poor insulating materials (Nylon and cotton) are very thin so unable to trap air hence being poor thermal insulating materials. The graph reflects the influence of conduction as the materials best at reducing it cooled slowest. Convection occurs through the sides of the mug but mainly through the top of the mug. To prevent this I have used a tin foil lid. This makes it fajr for all tested materials as they all have convection reduced equally out of the top of the mug leaving the material to insulate the convection occurring through the sides. Radiation can be absorbed or reflected by opaque surfaces and dull rough surfaces absorb more heat. This is much like the properties of coconut on plastic which is why it was good at insulating radiation because its outer plastic could absorb radiation and the dull and rough inside coconut could also absorb heat. This is another reason why it performed best.

Primary objective of management

Primary objective of management Introduction Milton Friedman’s claim that management’s main objective should be to expand shareholder wealth is misleading. It does not fully embrace certain business dynamics such as shareholder roles, obligations to other stakeholders, the moral minimum, effectiveness of the legal system, as well as sustainability of nonfinancial interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Primary objective of management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay will discuss shareholder roles, the legal system, existence of other stakeholders, morality and plausibility of other objectives. More than shareholder wealth Scholars know Milton Friedman for believing in free enterprise; consequently, it is not a surprise that he advocated for the primacy of shareholder wealth (Wilcke 2004). He believed that such a goal was symptomatic of the freedoms and rights that cause voluntary exchange and economic success. However, Mi lton and his supporters may have ignored certain crucial elements of business that do not relate directly to shareholder wealth. First, Milton assumed that managers and shareholders are entirely separate entities (Husted Salazar 2006). In today’s business arena, entrepreneurs have so many business structures to choose. Some entrepreneurs may form limited liability firms, public corporations or partnerships. Depending on the structure chosen, a manager may also double as a shareholder and thus perform duties that extend beyond Friedman’s narrow limitation of management’s duties. Friedman’s interpretation of their role was a contractual obligation that placed them at the mercy of their shareholders (Wilcke 2004). He did not consider the fact that some managers may sometimes perform executive decisions on the basis of their equity in the firm. Some of them may decide how capital investments occur or engage in public relations. This implies that managers can be concerned with more than just shareholder’s value if they have practical ownership of an organisation. In this light, management has another key objective that it ought to consider; social performance (Husted Salazar 2006). As such, one can question Friedman’s assertions about the primary objective of management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One can also criticise Milton’s ideas based on the roles and responsibilities of shareholders, as well. In Freidman’s articles, he assumed that shareholders were permanent, or at least interested in the long term interest of the firm. However, this is not always true; plenty of investors can buy and sell shares without attending shareholder meetings or weighing in managerial/ operational activities (Nesteruk 1990). Most stock markets in the world have stockbrokers who do not consider other in tricate aspects of a business before buying their stock. Theirs is to dwell on price and the immediate benefits they can get from the deal (Nesteruk 1990). As a result, company shareholders can change drastically within a short time. Management would be confused about whose wishes to follow if they focused solely on these shareholders’ interests. The internet age has made stock trading a common practice for inexperienced and short term traders. Companies would be overwhelmed if they tried to meet the needs of people who can come and go as they wish. Managers need to focus on more sustainable approaches to business through a shift to more long-term stakeholders (Wilcke 2004). This unpredictable behaviour of shareholders makes Friedman’s arguments difficult to practice, thus rendering them invalid. The assumption that shareholders’ needs come first because they are the owners of the business is also not consistent with today’s practices (Ghoshal 2005). Mode rn firms have complicated ownership arrangements at any one time. Unlike a real property owner who purchases and uses property as he or she sees fit, business owners (shareholders) do not have a claim over certain corporate asserts. Theoretically, one can treat shareholders as owners, but when one analyses shareholders’ duties carefully, one finds that shareholders do not fit into the ownership mould perfectly (Ghoshal 2005). First, because shareholders appoint managers to act on their behalf and make decisions for them, then managers may have significantly more discretionary power in the company than shareholders. Ownership and control are totally separate in the business environment. This means that shareholders do not possess all the characteristics required to grant them ownership. Shareholders do not make an actual impact on corporate decisions. They are merely beneficiaries of proper decisions. Consequently, their needs should not be the only point of focus for manageme nt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Primary objective of management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of morality also neutralises this scholar’s arguments on the primary objective of business. If businesses follow Friedman’s assertions about focusing solely on profitability, then they would be reducing corporate morality to nothing more than their legal obligations. If their shareholder needs cause consequences that the law does not govern, then corporations would not be concerned about them. This perspective gives company executives too much power. According to Freidman, an executive who acts as a bureaucratic machine may make as much money as possible so long as the person does not act deceitfully or break the law (Cosans 2008). Friedman’s views fail to encompass the complex nature of morality and thus miss out on an important aspect of business objectives. When Freidman made his ass ertions about the primary objective of management, he had a lot of confidence in the legal system as well as the marketplace. His assumption was that the market had its own way of correcting imbalances in business. Furthermore, the law would ensure that business entities meet their respective obligations. However, the marketplace and the law have numerous flaws that allow disreputable managers to go about their business; this makes Milton’s theory shaky (Post 2003). One of the flaws lies in the degree of punishment that a corporate manager is eligible to when he or she acts wrongfully. Most of the time, judges will expect companies to pay only small amounts of money for their mistakes. Furthermore, law enforcers do not hold managers personally accountable during punishment. As if this is not enough, regulatory schemes designed to protect entities in business are sometimes inconsistent and difficult to implement. This means that management may get away with unfair conduct. Eve n the inherent nature of these laws impedes their effectiveness. Sometimes laws can become so complicated that managers themselves are not sure whether they should follow the law or not. Legislators are in charge of creating these laws, and sometimes a number of them may pursue their own interests when enacting them (Post 2003). Businesses must then surrender control to these self-seeking legislators. Since all the above flaws exist in the development of legal mechanisms, then one must question the ability of the system to protect business interests effectively. The law itself is not adequate enough to ensure that corporate managers behave responsibly. Therefore, companies must take it upon themselves to become socially responsible.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that they should not merely focus on maximisation of shareholder interests as their sole objective. Friedman’s assertions rested on the premise that the marketplace and the law were enough to regulate behaviour, yet this is not true. Unless companies have their own sense of responsibility, then financial prosperity alone will not be adequate. Management’s primary objective differs from Milton’s assertions because managers are not responsible to company owners alone. Employees and customers are other stakeholders that management owes an allegiance (Ghoshal 2005). A firm may choose to increase its wage bill or shrink its working hours purely for noneconomic reasons. This may be done in order to foster a sense of belonging with the organisation. Firms may choose to implement environmentally friendly work policies so as to foster a sustainable business environment; these are all illustrations of CSR. Corporate responsibility, therefore, becomes a crucia l part of conducting business. It implies that profit seeking may not be the primary objective (Wilcke 2004). When management merely focuses on profit maximising activities for shareholders, then it reduces itself to a short-sighted entity. If a company chooses to increase work days for employees, it may not be serving shareholder interests, but it will work towards improvement of the business climate. Corporate social responsibility is a response to the uncertainties that companies have to deal with in this highly dynamic, interconnected and technologically advanced world (Van Beurden and Gossling 2008). A relationship exists between long term profitability and business interests. Smith (2003) explains that companies can easily avoid legal sanctions if they embrace corporate social responsibility. They can also gain sustainable advantage if they do the same. Employees now look for firms with strong values. If a business has a strong belief in CSR, then it can gain sustainable advan tage over its peers through sourcing of better employees. Smith (2003) also adds that companies, which focus on other stakeholders other than shareholders, have the benefit of attracting exceptional talent. They can also enhance their business reputations. These are long term objectives that cannot be achieved if managers merely focus on expansion of shareholder wealth. In line with the latter point, a company owes allegiance to more people than just the shareholders. Customers’ demands are just as critical as any other expectations from share holders (Van Beurden and Gossling 2008). Buyers now expect firms to engage in sustainable business practices (Smith 2003). In other words, they require them to be competent corporate citizens. Since companies are crucial entities in society, then they need to embrace their responsibilities. They now know about business operations and demand more from various firms. For example, customers will research about the sourcing practices of a c ompany, such as Mecca Espresso quite seriously. If they realise that the company gets its coffee from countries which use child labour, then they may boycott the company’s products. Alternatively, if a clothing franchiser like Gucci employs sweatshop labour to produce its items, then customers may lobby against the use of their products. In this regard, social actions are just as significant as financial success to a corporation. In fact, rising consumer expectations have caused most companies to expand their primary objectives from financial ones to social ones (Van Beurden and Gossling 2008). Firms can enjoy the benefit of having a loyal consumer base if they do more than maximisation of shareholder wealth. The enlightenment of consumers has caused buyers to become crucial determinants of corporate policy, thus becoming other contributors to the objectives of doing business. Counters to Friedman’s critics believe that shareholders are different from employees and cus tomers, so equal treatment should not be expected (Post 2003). These advocates of shareholders’ interests affirm that, unlike suppliers or workers, whose contracts commit them to the company, shareholders have no such arrangements to protect them. They add that contracts are always subject to renewal thus allowing these stakeholders to renegotiate the terms of their agreement (Shaw 2009). Privileges accorded to other entities neutralise the benefits associated with being shareholders (Post 2003). However, what these advocates of Friedman’s theory do not realise is shareholders have privileges that other groups do not possess (Post 2003). Shareholders can appoint directors as they see fit. Furthermore, they can sell their shares and abandon a certain company if its performance dissatisfies them. Employees cannot jump from one firm to another as easily as shareholders do because jobs are hard to get. Suppliers have minimal control over their clients’ activities. O ther stakeholders do not posses the same rights that shareholders possess; consequently, management should not try to compensate for their lack of contractual coverage by making shareholder interests their primary objective. Failure to acknowledge other stakeholders in the business environment may cause companies to engage in business practices that have adverse consequences in society. This is because firms may focus only on finance and ignore other equally vital components of business, such as ethics. All firms have a moral minimum that they must uphold in business (Smith 2003). For example, obsession with profit seeking among companies contributed to the global recession. Organisations were willing to perform extreme acts in order to expand shareholder wealth (Bejou 2011). Many of these companies got carried away by short terms gains and failed to think about the long term repercussions of their actions. It was this short-sightedness that eventually led to their demise and distur bances in society, as well. Companies owe their communities some degree of allegiance (Nesteruk 1990). It is also in a firm’s best interest to take care of its community in order to enhance sustainability. Failure to acknowledge the importance of this group may eventually cause unwanted effects upon the business entity. For instance, some companies generate immense profits and hand out generous bonuses to their executives. However, by years end, these firms have also left minimal rewards to their constituents. Some of them have had to close down their businesses owing to the frustrations of their employees or other stakeholders (Bejou 2011). Corporate social responsibility provides a much needed balance in the corporate world because it gives companies a human side. If all organisations were to stick to Milton Friedman’s assertions about financial obligations, they would become cold and uncaring. Businesses would become nothing more than money-making machines with litt le concern for the humans that are the real purpose of the organisations existence. If companies only dwelt on maximisation of shareholder wealth, they would not act with integrity or follow the principles of corporate governance. At least, companies ought to prevent social injury, and when it has occurred, they should try to correct it (Smith 2003). Friedman’s perspective does not encompass the importance of business growth or innovation. Growth has the potential to enhance company profits, as well as society’s wellbeing in general. Therefore, it is smarter to seek growth as an objective rather than shareholder wealth alone (Ahlstrom 2010). A company that frequently innovates will introduce the market to cutting edge products; as a result, the company will become financially successful and also provide numerous benefits to the market. Social goals such as creation of new jobs and generation of enormous profits in business are just some of the many benefits of business growth and innovation. Essentially, communities with highly innovative firms tend to experience better standards of living over time (Ahlstrom 2010). Even economic growth can occur in a country if businesses concentrate on growth as a primary objective; a company that accurately illustrates this point is US Steel. It was the leading steel maker in the US during the early 1990s. At the time, smaller steel mills introduced an innovation that entailed the use of mini mills. It was a revolutionary product that pressured US Steel into adopting their mini mills. Accountants who believed in Freidman’s concerns for financial gain advised the company against it. They instead told them to dwell on their respective upmarket clientele. At the time, the stock market appeared to reward US steel through better equity rewards. However, with time, the smaller entrants began improving their mini mills and eventually altered US Steel’s dominance of the upmarket category. The company fai led to embrace growth and innovation, and this led to attrition of its market share (Ahlstrom 2010). One may assert that their failure stemmed from too much emphasis on profitability and minimal regard for innovation. More effective primary objectives like striving for business growth and innovation exist. Companies would put themselves in a greater position to succeed if they pursued this goal instead of focusing on profitability alone. Perhaps another way one can know that Milton Freidman’s assertions are not all encompassing is through case studies. Practical cases of social responsibility and financial success prove that profitability is not the only objective for businesses. Some of the most profitable organisations are also some of the most sustainable. This implies that they are not merely concerned about shareholders’ wealth. Firms like Coca Cola, Honda, and Adidas are among the most internationally sustainable institutions, yet they still satisfy shareholder n eeds by yielding substantial results (Jensen 2002). Their success is indicative of the fact that companies no longer see shareholder needs as their only objective. These firms have embraced and practiced obligations to other entities. Conclusion Companies can be profitable but still engage in wrong decisions; it is not enough to dwell on financial returns exclusively. Basing one’s decision solely on profits will not guarantee social responsibility, yet the phenomenon is imperative both for the benefit of society and business. Furthermore, a firm has several constituent groups such as suppliers, employees, communities and clients whose needs ought to be acknowledged. Companies can get a greater competitive advantage if the dwelt on more than their shareholders’ needs. A balance between a firm’s needs and others’ needs ought to be maintained in order to foster a degree of maturity in the industry. Opponents to Milton Friedman do not disregard the importance of financial success within an organisation; however, they do not think that it is the only plausible objective. Focusing on other objectives, in addition to shareholder needs, leads to more sustainable results. References Ahlstrom, D 2010, ‘Innovation and Growth: How Business Contributes to Society’, Academy of Management, 7 August, pp 11-24. Bejou, D 2011, ‘Compassion as the New Philosophy of Business’, Journal of Relationship Marketing, no. 10, pp 1-6. Cosans, C 2009, ‘Does Milton Friedman Support a Vigorous Business Ethics?’ Journal of Business Ethics, no. 87, pp 391-399. Ghoshal, S 2005, ‘Bad management theories are destroying good management practices’, Academy of Learning and Education, vol. 4, pp 75-91. Husted, B Salazar, J 2006, ‘Taking Friedman Seriously: Maximising Profits and Social Performance’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 43 no.1, pp 76-91. Jensen, M 2002, ‘Value maximisation, stakeholder theory and the corporate objective function’, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 12, pp. 235-247. Nesteruk, J. 1990, ‘Persons, property, and the corporation: A proposal for a new paradigm’, DePaul Law Review, vol. 39, pp. 543-565. Post, F 2003, ‘A response to the social responsibility of corporate management: A classical critique’, Business Law, vol. 18 no. 1, pp 80-88. Shaw, W 2009, ‘Marxism, Business Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 86, pp 565-576. Smith, C 2003, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: Whether or How?’ California Management Review, vol. 45 no. 4, pp 52-76. Van Beurden, P Gossling, T 2008, ‘The Worth of Values – A Literature Review on the Relation Between Corporate Social and Financial Performance’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 82, pp 407-424. Wilcke, R 2004, ‘An Appropriate Ethical Model for Business and a Critique of Milton Friedmanâ€⠄¢s Thesis’, The Independent Review, vol. 9 no. 2, pp 187-209.

How to Conjugate the Italian Verb Accorgersi

How to Conjugate the Italian Verb Accorgersi Conjugation table for the Italian verb  accorgersi accorgersi: to notice, realize, be aware ofIrregular second-conjugation Italian verbReflexive verb  (requires a  reflexive pronoun) INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Presente io mi accorgo tu ti accorgi lui, lei, Lei si accorge noi ci accorgiamo voi vi accorgete loro, Loro si accorgono Imperfetto io mi accorgevo tu ti accorgevi lui, lei, Lei si accorgeva noi ci accorgevamo voi vi accorgevate loro, Loro si accorgevano Passato remoto io mi accorsi tu ti accorgesti lui, lei, Lei si accorse noi ci accorgemmo voi vi accorgeste loro, Loro si accorsero Futuro semplice io mi accorger tu ti accorgerai lui, lei, Lei si accorger noi ci accorgeremo voi vi accorgerete loro, Loro si accorgeranno Passato prossimo io mi sono accorto/a tu ti sei accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si accorto/a noi ci siamo accorti/e voi vi siete accorti/e loro, Loro si sono accorti/e Trapassato prossimo io mi ero accorto/a tu ti eri accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si era accorto/a noi ci eravamo accorti/e voi vi eravate accorti/e loro, Loro si erano accorti/e Trapassato remoto io mi fui accorto/a tu ti fosti accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si fu accorto/a noi ci fummo accorti/e voi vi foste accorti/e loro, Loro si furono accorti/e Future anteriore io mi sar accorto/a tu ti sarai accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si sar accorto/a noi ci saremo accorti/e voi vi sarete accorti/e loro, Loro si saranno accorti/e SUBJUNCTIVE/CONGIUNTIVO Presente io mi accorga tu ti accorga lui, lei, Lei si accorga noi ci accorgiamo voi vi accorgiate loro, Loro si accorgano Imperfetto io mi accorgessi tu ti accorgessi lui, lei, Lei si accorgesse noi ci accorgessimo voi vi accorgeste loro, Loro si accorgessero Passato io mi sia accorto/a tu ti sia accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si sia accorto/a noi ci siamo accorti/e voi vi siate accorti/e loro, Loro si siano accorti/e Trapassato io mi fossi accorto/a tu ti fossi accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si fosse accorto/a noi ci fossimo accorti/e voi vi foste accorti/e loro, Loro si fossero accorti/e CONDITIONAL/CONDIZIONALE Presente io mi accorgerei tu ti accorgeresti lui, lei, Lei si accorgerebbe noi ci accorgeremmo voi vi accorgereste loro, Loro si accorgerebbero Passato io mi sarei accorto/a tu ti saresti accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si sarebbe accorto/a noi ci saremmo accorti/e voi vi sareste accorti/e loro, Loro si sarebbero accorti/e IMPERATIVE/IMPERATIVO Presente - accorgiti, si accorga, accorgiamoci, accorgetevi, si accorgano INFINITIVE/INFINITO Presente - accorgersi Passato - essersi accorto PARTICIPLE/PARTICIPIO Presente - accorgentesi Passato - accortosi GERUND/GERUNDIO Presente - accorgendosi Passato - essendosi accorto Italian Verbs    Italian Verbs: Auxiliary verbs, reflexive verbs, and the use of various tenses. Verb conjugations, definitions, and examples. Italian Verbs For Beginners: Reference guide to Italian verbs.

Guerrilla marketing and advertising Dissertation

Guerrilla marketing and advertising - Dissertation Example erception of GM 4.2.3 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase 4.3.4 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour 4.3 Findings from the Interview of the Advertising Experts 4.3.1 Reasons for Using GM strategies 4.3.2 Some Examples of Successful GM Strategies 4.3.3 Success of GM for different types of Products 4.3.4 Strategies and Tactics that for Viral Marketing 4.3.5 Challenges of Using GM/VM 4.3.6 Advantages of Using GM/VM 4.3.7 Future Role and Trend for GM Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Summary of Research Findings and Conclusions 5.2 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research. List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Reasons for Using GM strategies Figure A: Diagrammatic Representation of the Research Methodology Figure 1: Customers’ Awareness of GM Figure 2: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 3: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 4: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Insights a bout Their Needs Figure 5: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Awareness about New Products Figure 6: GM as Creating Awareness of Non-Advertised Products Figure 7: GM as creating more choices for customers Figure 8: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase Figure 9: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour List of Appendices Appendix A: Survey Research Questionnaire Appendix B: Interview Research Questionnaire References Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview While a large amount of literature exists on the various advantages of Guerrilla marketing and also on the strategies and tactics related to this type of marketing, there has been little research on gauging the impact it has. Organizations indulge in viral marketing strategies with the objective of creating awareness for... This essay "Guerrilla marketing and advertising" outlines and analyzes the effect of the GM and its perception by the customers and the problems and opportunities that advertisers have with GM strategies. Guerilla marketing It is non-conventional as it does not confine itself to the regular media or channels of advertising and it uses content strategies that may be more creative or even bizarre. Guerrilla marketing, as it name indicates, largely draws parallels from the Guerrilla warfare strategies. In the case of Guerrilla warfare, the means of war are not straightforward and people do not fight by rules of conventional warfare. The element of surprise is used heavily to conduct short but highly forceful attacks on the opponents. In the same way, Guerrilla marketing follows the concept of surprise and taking the customer unguarded, and projecting the advertised content or message in a targeted manner when the customer least expects it or is least prepared to steal himself or herself against the impact (Tufel, 2004). The logic behind using the surprise element is that most customers being exposed to innumerous advertising messages throughout their day – through TV, the Internet, billboards, newspapers, pamphlets, in shop point of purchase displays etc. – are mostly able to immune themselves against these messages (Susca et al, 2008). There is too much clutter of advertising messages and customers can tune themselves out of the picture when plagued by a huge amount of information that impinges on their senses.